SSL/TLS issues refer to problems or vulnerabilities related to the implementation, configuration, or usage of the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocols, which are cryptographic protocols designed to provide secure communication over a network, typically the internet. SSL and TLS are widely used to encrypt data transmissions between clients and servers, ensuring confidentiality, integrity, and authentication of the exchanged information. However, various SSL/TLS issues can compromise communications security and threaten data confidentiality and privacy. Some common SSL/TLS issues include:

Outdated Protocol Versions: The use of obsolete or insecure SSL/TLS protocols, such as SSLv2 and SSLv3, which have known vulnerabilities that attackers can exploit to decrypt encrypted traffic or launch man-in-the-middle attacks.

Weak Cipher Suites: Insecure or weak cryptographic cipher suites used in SSL/TLS negotiations, which may be susceptible to cryptographic attacks, such as brute-force attacks or padding oracle attacks, leading to data exposure or decryption of encrypted communications.

Certificate Issues: Problems related to SSL/TLS certificates, such as expired certificates, certificates signed by untrusted or revoked Certificate Authorities (CAs), or misconfigured certificate chains, can result in browsers displaying warning messages to users or rejecting connections.

Incomplete Certificate Chains: Missing intermediate or root certificates in the chain of certificates that the server presents, which can lead to problems with trust or certificate validation, notably if the client is missing the required intermediate or root certificates.

Weak Key Exchange Algorithms: Weak key exchange algorithms, such as RSA key exchange with small vital sizes or Diffie-Hellman parameters with insufficient entropy, can weaken the security of SSL/TLS connections and facilitate cryptographic attacks.

Server Misconfigurations: Configuration errors or misconfigurations in SSL/TLS server settings, such as insecure cipher suite prioritization, lack of Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS), or improper handling of session resumption, leading to security vulnerabilities or compatibility issues.

Protocol Downgrade Attacks: Attacks that force clients and servers to use insecure or weaker SSL/TLS protocol versions or cipher suites, bypassing security controls and exposing communications to interception or manipulation.

Using secure setups, updating cryptographic libraries and SSL/TLS implementations regularly, following industry best practices, and conducting frequent security audits and assessments to find and fix vulnerabilities are all necessary to address SSL/TLS concerns. Additionally, enterprises should adhere to advised secure SSL/TLS deployment and administration rules and be updated about new threats and vulnerabilities in SSL/TLS protocols.

External Attack Surface Management (EASM), Digital Risk Protection (DRP), and security ratings solutions like ThreatNG with Domain Intelligence, Subdomain Intelligence, and Certificate Intelligence play crucial roles in identifying and mitigating SSL/TLS issues by providing comprehensive visibility into an organization's digital footprint, assessing the security posture of SSL/TLS configurations, and analyzing digital certificates associated with SSL/TLS implementations. For instance, ThreatNG's Domain Intelligence can identify all domains associated with an organization, including those hosting SSL/TLS-enabled services. Subdomain Intelligence can further analyze these domains to identify specific SSL/TLS implementations and configurations that may be vulnerable to exploitation due to misconfigurations or outdated protocols. Certificate Intelligence can assess the validity and trustworthiness of digital certificates associated with these services, flagging any issues such as expired certificates or certificates signed by untrusted Certificate Authorities. When integrated with complementary security solutions like vulnerability scanners, web application firewalls (WAFs), and intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS), ThreatNG can facilitate seamless handoffs by providing actionable intelligence and alerts. For example, suppose ThreatNG detects SSL/TLS vulnerabilities. In that case, it can trigger alerts in the vulnerability scanner to conduct targeted scans, in the WAF to implement additional protections, or in the IDS/IPS to detect and block malicious SSL/TLS traffic, thereby reducing the risk of exploitation by cyber attackers. This collaborative approach strengthens an organization's ability to identify and remediate SSL/TLS issues, enhancing overall cybersecurity posture.